Ndjengue Joseph 1,2 et  Moussima Yaka Dianne1,3

¹Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Yaopunde 1

²Le Fonds Spécial d’Équipement et d’Intervention Intercommunale  (FEICOM)

³L’Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD)

RESUME

Les perturbations environnementales dues aux activités anthropologiques se multiplient dans de nombreuses régions du globe et entraînent diverses pollutions des eaux. Ces pollutions sont à l’origine de la réduction voire de la disparition complète des plans d’eau. Pour remédier à cette catastrophe sanitaire et écologique, il est indispensable de développer des stratégies de traitement de l’eau, qu’il s’agisse de potabilisation ou d’assainissement surtout pour les pays en voie développement. C’est dans cette optique que des travaux ont été réalisés sur les eaux de l’Abiergue-Est dans le but d’évaluer l’impact en microcosme du sulfate d’aluminium sur quelques paramètres abiotiques et sur la communauté zooplanctonique. Pour cela, trois volumes tests de 500 mL d’eau ont été dosés suivant le protocole du jar-test avec du sulfate d’aluminium à des doses de 10mL, 20 mL et 30 mL d’une solution mère à 10 mg/L de sulfate d’aluminium. De ce test, il ressort que le sulfate d’aluminium a un effet considérable dans l’abattement des charges des paramètres physiques tels que la couleur, la turbidité et les matières en suspension avec un pourcentage de 95,34 ± 4,01. Ce coagulant-floculant a un effet biocide sur les organismes zooplanctoniques avec un taux de réduction de 90,35% des organismes présents dans l’eau traitée. Cet effet est obtenu à la dose de 10 mL de sulfate d’aluminium, soit une concentration de 196 mg/L. De ce fait, elle peut être considérée comme optimale compte tenu du taux de réduction observé. De ce travail pionnier où nous confirmons l’efficacité du sulfate d’aluminium en tant que coagulant-floculant, il serait intéressant d’envisager son utilisation dans la lutte contre les pathogènes de l’eau eu égard à son pourcentage de réduction sur le zooplancton étudié.

Mots clés : Abiergue-Est, eaux usées, traitement physique, zooplancton.

ABSTRACT

Environmental disturbances are due to anthropological activities that are multiplying in many parts of the world and causing water pollution. This pollution is at the origin of the reduction or even the complete disappearance of the water bodies. To remedy this health and ecological disaster, it is essential to develop strategies for water treatment, be it drinking water or sanitation especially for the developing countries. It is in this perspective that work has been carried out on the waters of the East Abiergue in order to evaluate the microcosm impact of aluminum sulphate on some abiotic parameters and on the zooplankton community. For this purpose, three test volumes of 500 mL of water were used according to the test jar protocol with aluminum sulphate at doses of 10 mL, 20 mL and 30 mL of 10 mg / L sulphate stock solution aluminum. From this test, it appears that aluminum sulphate has a considerable effect in water, with physical parameters such as color, turbidity and suspended matter having a percentage of 95.34 ± 4.01. This coagulant-flocculants has a biocidal effect on zooplanktonic organisms with a 90.35% reduction rate of the organisms present in the treated water. This effect is obtained at the dose of 10 mL of aluminum sulphate that is a concentration of 196 mg / L. As a result, it can be considered optimal given the observed reduction rate. From this pioneering work in which we confirm the effectiveness of aluminum sulphate as a coagulant-flocculants, it would be interesting to consider its use in the control of water pathogens in terms of its percentage reduction on zooplankton studied.

Keywords: Abiergue East, wastewater, physical treatment, zooplankton.

PATEUCK DJEUMO Derik¹, Gideon A. A

^1,2 Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie et Environnement, Faculté des sciences, Université de Yaoundé I PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroun.

Correspondance, courriel : ¹pateuckdjeumo.derick@gmail.com,

Résumé

Dans le but d’évaluer l’impact de quelques paramètres physicochimiques sur la distribution des macroinvertébrés benthiques du lacs carrière de Ngoa-ékélé, dans la Région du Centre, une analyse physicochimique, couplée à celle des organismes invertébrés y a été menée d’avril à septembre 2020. Les prélèvements ont été réalisés suivant une fréquence mensuelle. Les analyses physicochimiques révèlent que les eaux étudiées sont peu oxygénées (34,88 ± 7,96%), d’une faible dureté, pauvres en matières organiques oxydables (5,79 ± 2,68 mg/L), très minéralisées ayant une forte valeur pour la conductivité (921,90 ± 82,74 µs/cm) et de faible valeur d’orthophosphates ont été relevés (0,45 ± 0.39 mg/L) , montrant ainsi que les eaux du lac carrière de Ngoa-ékélé sont de qualités passables. Durant la période d’étude, un total de 8555 individus a été dénombré et réparti en 03 embranchements : les Mollusques (98,83%), les Arthropodes (1,04%) et les Annélides (0,13%). Ces organismes appartiennent à 04 classes, 09 ordres et 16 familles. Les faibles valeurs de l’indice de Shannon et Weaver et de l’équitabilité (J) de Pielou observées à la station à proximité du dépôt de poubelle (Car1) traduisent une faible diversité des macroinvertébrés benthique due à une forte abondance des Gastéropodes (Thiaridae) qui regroupent près de 98,78 % d’abondance relative dans cette station. Par ailleurs, cet indice est proche de 0 et s’éloigne de Log₂ 13 (3,70) ainsi, la faible diversité correspond à des conditions non optimales ne permettent pas l’installation d’individus régulièrement repartis dans de nombreuses espèces. Indice Biotique Global Normalisé (IBGN) révèle des eaux de mauvaise qualité. L’Indice Biotique Global Normalisé (IBGN), montrent que les eaux du lac carrière de Ngoa-ékélé sont perturbées par les activités anthropiques et sont donc de mauvaise qualité écologique. Au vu des résultats et discussion il en ressort que les meilleurs indicateurs de la qualité de l’eau du lac carrière de Ngoa-ékélé sont les macroinvertébrés benthiques en grandes majorité l’espèces tanzania mbayemi de la famille des thiaridae.

Mots clés : Mots clés : Distribution, Paramètres physico-chimiques, Macroinvertebres benthiques, Lac carrière, Ngoa-Ekélé.

Abstract

In order to evaluate the impact of some physicochemical parameters on the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Ngoa-ékélé quarry lakes, in the Center Region, a physicochemical analysis, coupled with that of invertebrate organisms, was carried out there from April to September 2020. The samples were taken on a monthly basis. The physicochemical analyzes reveal that the waters studied are poorly oxygenated (34.88 ± 7.96%), of low hardness, poor in oxidizable organic matter (5.79 ± 2.68 mg/L), very mineralized with a high value for conductivity (921.90 ± 82.74 µs/cm) and low value for orthophosphates were recorded (0.45 ± 0.39 mg/L), thus showing that the waters of the Ngoa-ékélé quarry lake are of fair quality. During the study period, a total of 8555 individuals were counted and divided into 03 phyla: Molluscs (98.83%), Arthropods (1.04%) and Annelids (0.13%). These organisms belong to 04 classes, 09 orders and 16 families.

The low values ​​of the Shannon and Weaver index and the Pielou equitability (J) observed at the station near the trash deposit (Car1) reflect a low diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates due to a high abundance of gastropods (Thiaridae ) which bring together nearly 98.78% relative abundance in this station. Furthermore, this index is close to 0 and moves away from Log2 13 (3.70) thus, the low diversity corresponds to non-optimal conditions which do not allow the installation of regularly distributed individuals in many species.

. Standardized Global Biotic Index (IBGN) reveals poor quality water. The Standardized Global Biotic Index (IBGN) shows that the waters of the Ngoa-ékélé quarry lake are disturbed by anthropogenic activities and are therefore of poor ecological quality. In view of the results and discussion it appears that the best indicators of the water quality of the Ngoa-ékélé quarry lake are the benthic macroinvertebrates, the vast majority of which are the Tanzanian mbayemi species of the thiaridae family.

Keywords: Keywords: Distribution, Physico-chemical parameters, Benthic macroinvertebrae, Quarry lake, Ngoa-Ekélé.

 *SALIU, Bolanle Kudirat¹, ALABI, Abdulwaheed Ayodeji¹, ZAKARIYAH, Rahmat Folashade¹,  DADZIE, Vanessa Omotola¹, SALAMI, Rukayat Ibiyemi¹ AJEWOLE Adebisi Elijah¹ and BADMOS, Abdulhameed Abiodun²

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin. Nigeria.

²Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin. Nigeria.

Corresponding author: Saliu Bolanle Kudirat

 Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin. Nigeria. (saliu.bk@unilorin.edu.ng) 08023093294

ABSTRACT

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are responsible for the fermentation of many indigenous foods in Nigeria and may possess probiotic properties which can attribute to the gastrointestinal health of humans and livestock. LAB isolated from various indigenous fermented foods were assayed for antagonistic activities against some clinical enteric bacteria. The survivability of the isolates in the gastrointestinal tracts was determined by testing their tolerance in acid, bile, phenol, simulated gastric and intestinal juice. Isolate’s hydrophobicity, aggregative abilities and haemolytic activities were also assayed. In vivo antimicrobial activity was also determined using broiler chicks. Ten of the LAB isolates had antibacterial activities with highest zone of inhibition (28mm) produced by Lactobacillus fermentum against Salmonella enteritidis. Also, L. fermentum along with four others, tolerated pH 1.5 and 0.5% bile salt, simulatedgastric and intestinal conditions, 0.4 % phenol, and had percentage hydrophobicity, auto- and co-aggregation that ranged between 38.76 % – 58.06 %, 34.38 % – 54.05 % and 47.21 % – 74.64 % respectively. The LAB were non-haemolytic and demonstrated in-vivo antimicrobial activity against S. enteritidis in broiler chicks. L. fermentum and four other LAB isolated in this study, possess probiotic properties and can be used as prophylaxis against gastrointestinal diseases.

Keywords: Probiotics, lactic acid bacteria, Fermentation, Nigerian indigenous foods, gastrointestinal diseases

Paulette Marie ADON

Département: Biodiversité et aménagement des écosystèmes aquatiques

Institution: Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (Daloa)

E-mail et numéro de téléphone: adonmariepaulette@gmail.com. / 225 0707571913

Résumé

Cette étude est une contribution aux travaux menés sur la retenue d’eau d’alimentation de la ville d’Adzopé. La méthodologie a consisté à la récolte des organismes phytoplanctoniques à l’aide de la bouteille de Van Dorn à la station S3 dans la colonne de l’eau, par pas de 1 m de la surface au fond du plan d’eau suivant un cycle de 24 heures durant les mois de mai, septembre et novembre 2008 et février 2009. Les échantillons conservés dans des piluliers de 50 ml ont été fixé à la solution de Lugol acide pour des analyses au laboratoire. L’observation des taxons a été réalisée entre lame et lamelle sous microscope photonique de type Olympus BX40. L’identification des Cyanotoxines et des risques liés à leur présence a été effectuée à partir d’ouvrages spécifiques et généraux. Un total de 12 taxons susceptibles de produire des toxines a été récolté dans la retenue d’Adzopé. Ce sont Aphanocapsa sp., Chroococcus limneticus, Microcystis aeruginosa, Microcystis flos-aquae, Microcystis wesenbergii, Synechocystis sp., Anabaena constricta, Planktothrix sp., Pseudanabaena cf. limnetica, Raphidiopsis curvata, Snowella lacustris et Spirulina sp.. De ces taxons, les espèces Anabaena constricta et Pseudanabaena cf. limnetica sont fréquemment observées à toutes les heures, hormis 6 h pour Pseudanabaena cf. limnetica, dans la colonne de l’eau durant les mois d’échantillonnage. En revanche, Planktothrix sp. n’est fréquemment observable qu’à 18h en mai et février, 21h en mai et 3h du matin à tous les mois à l’exception du mois de mai. L’utilité d’évaluer les concentrations totales de toxines de chaque taxon identifié dans des travaux futurs serait bénéfique à la population qui bénéficie des services écosystémiques et économiques des eaux de la retenue d’Adzopé.

Mots clés : Cyanobacteria, eau potable, effets sur la santé, Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract:

This study is a contribution to the work carried out on the supply water reservoir of the city of Adzopé. The methodology used was consisted to collecte phytoplankton organisms using the Van Dorn bottle at station S3 in the water column, in steps of 1 m from the surface to the bottom of the body of water following a cycle 24 hours during the months of May, September and November 2008 and February 2009. The samples stored in 50 ml pill bottles were fixed with Lugol’s acid solution for laboratory analyses. The observation of taxa was carried out between slide and coverslip under an Olympus BX40 type light microscope. The identification of Cyanotoxins and the risks linked to their presence was carried out based on specific and general works. A total of 12 taxa likely to produce toxins were collected in the Adzopé reservoir. They are Aphanocapsa sp., Chroococcus limneticus, Microcystis aeruginosa, Microcystis flos-aquae, Microcystis wesenbergii, Synechocystis sp., Anabaena constricta, Planktothrix sp., Pseudanabaena cf. limnetica, Raphidiopsis curvata, Snowella lacustris and Spirulina sp.. Of these taxa, the species Anabaena constricta and Pseudanabaena cf. limnetica are frequently observed at all hours, except 6 a.m. for Pseudanabaena cf. limnetica, in the water column during the months of sampling. In contrast, Planktothrix sp. is frequently observable only at 6 p.m. in May and February, 9 p.m. in May and 3 a.m. in all months except May. The usefulness of evaluating the total concentrations of toxins of each taxon identified in future work would be beneficial to the population which benefits from the ecosystem and economic services of the waters of the Adzopé reservoir.

Key words: Cyanobacteria, potable water, health effects, Côte d’Ivoire

 A review of some ozone depleting substances and hydrofluorocarbons in tropical areas of developing countries (Cameroon-Africa)

AKO JOAN AFANGAH^1,2

Email:ako_joan@yahoo.com;Tel: 675843116

¹Environmntal Sanitation and Restoration,Department of Plant Biology,Faculty of Science,University of Yaounde 1

  ²Environmental and meteorological  expert, MINEPAT,Yaounde,Cameroon

Summary

   Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are greenhouse gases (GHGs) commonly used by federal agencies in a wide variety of applications, including refrigeration, air-conditioning (AC), building insulation, fire extinguishing systems, and aerosols. HFCs have high global warming potential (GWP), raising concern about their impacts as they become increasingly used as replacements for ozone-depleting substances (ODS), and as economic growth spurs demand for new equipment, especially in the refrigeration/AC sector. Information about ongoing domestic efforts and tools to address HFCs, sector, is provided below. To help agencies monitor progress, the amendment also requires contractors to keep track of and report on the amounts of HFCs added or removed during routine maintenance, service, repair, and disposal of all government equipment, appliances, and supplies.

Key words: Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), greenhouse gases (GHGs), global warming potential (GWP), Developing countries

KYA Mbaikar^1*3, MANDOU Marie Solange², DONGOCK NGUEMO Delphine³, NOUBISSIE TCHIAGAM Jean Baptiste³

¹Institut Tchadien de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (ITRAD). BP.31 Moundou –Tchad

²Département d’Agriculture, Faculté d’Agronomie et des Sciences Agricoles, Université de Dschang

³Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Développement durable (LAB2D) ; Département des Sciences Biologiques. Université de Ngaoundéré (UN). BP. 454 Ngaoundéré, Cameroun

*Auteur Correspondant ; E- mail : mbaikar_kya@yahoo.com; Tél : + 235 66 49 52 61

RESUME

Une étude de l’influence des itinéraires techniques sur la phénologie et le rendement grainier et fruitier de Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) a été effectuée à la Station agronomique de Bébédjia (8°40’09” N et 16°54’65” E) au sud du Tchad afin de contribuer à la productivité du sésame. Le dispositif expérimental est un bloc randomisé à quatre répétitions, et quatre traitements (Aucun fertilisant, engrais, compost, compost + engrais). Les résultats ont montré que les phases de croissance végétative, de floraison, de fructification et de maturité du sésame se développent en général mieux dans les parcelles au compost, et à l’engrais + compost que dans la parcelle non fertilisée. Il ressort également que l’engrais + compost améliore significativement le rendement en fruit (93,5 capsules/plant), suivi du compost (86,62 capsules/plant) puis de l’engrais (77,75 capsules/plant). Pour le rendement grains par plant, le compost donne 30,24 g/plant comparé à l’engrais + compost (29,46 g/plant), à l’engrais (24,15 g/plant) et enfin aux parcelles sans fertilisant (19,71 g/plant). Il existe des corrélations linéaires positives (r = 0,82 ; P < 0,05) entre le nombre de capsules par plant et le rendement en grains par plant. Cependant la longueur de feuille et le nombre moyen de capsules par plant sont corrélés négativement (r = – 0,60 ; P < 0,05). L’engrais + compost favorise le développement végétatif en raccourcissant le cycle de production de la plante. La culture du sésame se prête bien au compost à la dose de 3t/ ha qui pourrait être recommandée aux producteurs.

Mots clés : Itinéraires techniques, phénologie, rendements, Sesamum indicum, Tchad

ABSTRACT

A study of technical itineraries influence on phenology and seed and fruit yield of on Sesamum indicum L (Pedaliaceae) was carried out at agronomic Station of Bébédjia (8°40′ 09 ” N and 16°54’65” E) in South Chad in order to contribute to the sesame crop productivity. The experiment design was a complete randomized bloc design and replicated four times with four treatments (without fertilizer, fertilizer, compost, compost + fertilizer). The results showed that the stages of vegetative development, flowering, fructification and maturity of sesame were in general better on plots with compost and fertilizers + compost than the plants in the plots without fertilizer. It was noticed that fertilizer + compost significantly improved the fruit yield (93. 5 fruits/plant) followed by compost (86. 62 fruits/plant) then the fertilizer (77. 75 fruits/plant). For the seed yield per plant, the compost recorded 30. 24 g/plant compared to fertilizer +compost (29. 46 g/plant), the fertilizer (24. 15 g/ plant) and then to the plots without fertilizer (19. 71 g/plant). There are strong positive correlations (r = 0. 82; P < 0. 05) between the number fruits per plant and the seeds yields per plant. However, there is a strong negative correlation between length of leaves and the number of fruits per plant (r = – 0. 60; P < 0. 05). The fertilizer +compost increased the vegetative growth and shortened productive period. The sesame crop grows well with compost at rate 3t/ha that should be recommended to the producers.    

Key words: Technical itineraries, phenology, yields, Sesamum indicum, Chad

^a,Full Professor of Environmental engineering and applied Chemistry, Director of Higher National School of Public Works in Yaounde (ENSTP)

 ^bPhD student in Hydrobiology and Environment

^cDoctors in Hydrobiology and environmental engineering, Part time lecturers in the department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon

^d Student of the Higher School of Public Works in Yaounde, specialised in water ressource engineering and management(ENSTP)

^e Full Professor  of hydrobiology, Environmental engineering and Public health

corresponding email : ajeagahg@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the biodiversity of the forms of dissemination of Sarcocystis in the aquatic medium in Yaounde, a study was carried out from January to June 2016. To do so, monthly samplings wer carried out in several points of the Mfoundi stream and in eight marshy areas (Obili, Melen, Mvog-Betsi, Etoug-Ebé, Mokolo Elobie, Tsinga, Ekounou and Nsimeyong). The physico-chemical analyses were done following standard methods and revealed waters with high temperatures (26.61±0.96 ± 0.08 UC), low oxygenation (21.19 ±4, 52%), average mineralization (566.16 ± 182.31µs/cm), rich in suspended matter (23.37 ±06.52 mg/L) and organic matter. On the other hand, biological analyses were made by the observations of oocysts and sporocysts of Sarcocystis spp. using the Olympus brand inverted microscope at the 40x objectives. These observations followed the concentration and coloration of the organisms in the water samples following the Ziehl-Neelsen technique. The results show the presence of 99 oocytsts and sporocysts of Sarcocystis spp. in the Mfoundi stream and 1753 oocysts and sporocysts of Sarcocystis spp. in the marshy areas. Overall, the highest oocysts and sporocyst densities were recorded during the long dry season in the Mfoundi stream and during the short rainy season in the marshy areas. The abundance dynamics of these enteropathogens are significantly and positively correlated with suspended electric conductivity and organic matter (p <0.05). This contamination of water by enteropathogenic protozoa compromises their use as it would constitute a health risk for the populations using these points.

Key words: Dynamics, Sarcocystis, oocysts, sporocysts, physico-chemistry, aquatic me

Asi Quiggle Atud[^1]* and Ajeagah Gideon Aghaindum ^[1]

[1] University of Yaounde I, BP 812, Faculty of Sciences, Animals Biology and Physiology Department, Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, Yaounde city, Cameroon

 * Correspondence:  asiatud@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In order to monitor environmental forms of microsporidia in the groundwater of the Centre region of Cameroon, samples were collected from sixteen (16) springs regularly used by the local population. The study was conducted from August 2018 to August 2019 during the four seasons that are characteristized by the ecological bimodal zone of the central south forest of Cameroon. The physico-chemical analysis were carried out both in the field and at the Hydrobiology and Environment laboratory of the University of Yaounde I. Physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed repectively using standard methods and trichome strain’s. The results of physico-chemical analysis have revealed that springs has an avarege temperature of 25.14 ± 0.73 °C. These water samples are generally poorly mineralized (144.76 ± 104.28 µS/cm), poor in organic matter (2.45 ± 1.06 mg/L) and suspended solids (14.56 ± 12.60 mg/L), but with very high values of turbidity (27.40 ± 28.16 FTU). The physico-chemical results showed that these areas are poorly polluted with low anthropogenic impacts.  Microbiological analysis, showed contamination of groundwater with microsporidia spores unfit for drinking. The observations revealed several shapes of spores in the environment in relation to their sizes (μm) leading to species richness. Statistical analysis showed variations in spores between stations and seasons with a higher abundance during rainy season. Findings, showed diversity of species in the water  Enterocytozoon bieneusi (1-1.6 x 0.7-1.2), (Encephalitozoon intestinalis (1.8-2.4 x 1.2-2.0), Encephalitozoon hellem (2-2.5 x 1.6-2), Encephalitozoon cuniculi (2.8-3.2 x 1.6-2.4) , Nosema spp. (3.2-3.6x 2-2.4 ), Vittaforma corneae (3.6 – 4 x 1.2-1.6 ), Pleistophora spp. (3.2-4x 2-2.4), and Microsporidium spp. (2.8-4.4 x 1.6-3.2). These spores would be better appreciated by molecular analysis. These results showed that, microsporidian spores are diverses and ubiquitous indicating a poor quality of water and good indicator to assess water quality.

Keywords: Biomonitoring, Spores, Drinking water, Physico-chemical, Health risk, Springs 

Nkeng George Elambo^a, Djoudjo Yolande^b, Tsoméné Namekong Pierre^c, Asi Quiggle Atud^c, Mbouombouo mama^c ,Badjika Goldin^d, Ajeagah Gideon Aghaindum^e

^a,Full Professor of Environmental engineering and applied Chemistry, Director of Higher National School of Public Works in Yaounde (ENSTP)

 ^bPhD student in Hydrobiology and Environment

^cDoctors in Hydrobiology and environmental engineering, Part time lecturers in the department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon

^d Student of the Higher School of Public Works in Yaounde, specialised in water ressource engineering and management(ENSTP)

^e Full Professor  of hydrobiology, Environmental engineering and Public health

corresponding email : ajeagahg@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the biodiversity of the forms of dissemination of Sarcocystis in the aquatic medium in Yaounde, a study was carried out from January to June 2016. To do so, monthly samplings wer carried out in several points of the Mfoundi stream and in eight marshy areas (Obili, Melen, Mvog-Betsi, Etoug-Ebé, Mokolo Elobie, Tsinga, Ekounou and Nsimeyong). The physico-chemical analyses were done following standard methods and revealed waters with high temperatures (26.61±0.96 ± 0.08 UC), low oxygenation (21.19 ±4, 52%), average mineralization (566.16 ± 182.31µs/cm), rich in suspended matter (23.37 ±06.52 mg/L) and organic matter. On the other hand, biological analyses were made by the observations of oocysts and sporocysts of Sarcocystis spp. using the Olympus brand inverted microscope at the 40x objectives. These observations followed the concentration and coloration of the organisms in the water samples following the Ziehl-Neelsen technique. The results show the presence of 99 oocytsts and sporocysts of Sarcocystis spp. in the Mfoundi stream and 1753 oocysts and sporocysts of Sarcocystis spp. in the marshy areas. Overall, the highest oocysts and sporocyst densities were recorded during the long dry season in the Mfoundi stream and during the short rainy season in the marshy areas. The abundance dynamics of these enteropathogens are significantly and positively correlated with suspended electric conductivity and organic matter (p <0.05). This contamination of water by enteropathogenic protozoa compromises their use as it would constitute a health risk for the populations using these points.

Key words: Dynamics, Sarcocystis, oocysts, sporocysts, physico-chemistry, aquatic me

A.F COULIBALY¹, A.J.L OKON², C.M KONE³

¹ Laboratoire de zootechnie, UFR Agriculture, Ressources Halieutiques et Agro-industrie Université de San Pédro, 01 BP 1800 San Pédro, Côte d’Ivoire.

²Laboratoire d’Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, UFR des Sciences Médicales, l’Université Félix Houphouët Boigny de Cocody, 01 BPV 34 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

³Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, 01 BPV 34 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

Auteur Correspondant : Okon Abou Joël Landry, jlokon@yahoo.fr, +225 0758863407

Résumé

Problématique : utiliser des plantes médicinales comme une alternative pour la prise en charge du problème d’infertilité humaine.

Objectif : évaluer l’effet des extraits aqueux de Cissus aralioïdes sur l’activité folliculaire chez des rattes Wistar.

Matériel et méthodes : Les feuilles de Cissus aralioïdes récoltées ont été séchées à la température ambiante pendant 3 semaines et broyées. La poudre obtenue a subi une extraction aqueuse. L’expérience a été conduite conformément à la Déclaration de Helsinki de 1975 et révisée en 1983. Ainsi, 12 rattes Wistar adultes apparemment saines pesant entre 130-169 g ont été utilisées. Quatre (4) groupes expérimentaux à raison de trois (3) rattes par groupe ont été constitués. Le groupe 4 (témoin) a reçu 2mL/200g d’eau distillée, les groupes 1,2,3 ont reçu 2ml/200g respectivement 10%, 15% et 25% d’extraits aqueux de feuilles de Cissus aralioïdes par gavage pendant 10 jours correspondant à deux cycles œstraux. Des frottis vaginaux ont été réalisés sur les 12 rattes et l’indice oestrogénique a été déterminée.

Résultats : Il a été constaté une augmentation significative (P de l’indice œstrogénique (80%) chez les rattes traitées avec une dose d’extrait de 25%.

Conclusion : Ces résultats suggèrent que focus delta aurait une activité folliculostimulatrice, caractérisée par l’augmentation constante de l’imprégnation et de l’indice œstrogénique au cours du traitement.

Mots clés : stimulation folliculaire, rat Wistar, plante médicinale, frottis vaginal

Abstract

Problem: Using medicinal plants to treat human infertility.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of Cissus aralioides on follicular activity in Wistar rats.

Material and methods: The leaves of Cissus aralioides were harvested, dried at room temperature for 3 weeks and then ground. The powder obtained was subjected to an aqueous extraction. The experiment was carried out according to the Declaration of Helsinki adopted in 1975 and revised in 1983. Twelve apparently healthy adult Wistar rats were used. They weighed between 130 and 169 g. Group 4 (control) received 2 ml/200 g of distilled water, groups 1, 2 and 3 received 2 ml/200 g of 10%, 15% and 25% aqueous extracts of Cissus aralioides leaves, respectively, by gavage for 10 days, corresponding to two estrous cycles. Group 4 (control) received 2 ml/200 g of distilled water and groups 1, 2 and 3 received 2 ml/200 g of 10 %, 15 % and 25 % aqueous extracts of Cissus aralioides leaves, respectively, by gavage for 10 days, corresponding to two estrous cycles. Vaginal swabs were taken from all 12 rats and the estrogenic index was determined.

Results: There was a significant (P<0.001) increase in the estrogenic index (>80%) in the rats treated with 25% extract dose.

Conclusion: These results suggest that focus delta has a follicle-stimulating activity, which is characterised by a constant increase in the impregnation and the estrogenic index during the treatment period.

Key Words: follicular stimulation, Wistar rat, medicinal plant, vaginal smear