*Morfow Nkeze Paul1, Benedicta Oshuware Mbu Oben2, Friday Elijah Osho3, Nor Azman Kasan1*
1) Higher Institution Centre of Excellent (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
2 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Buea, Republic of Cameroon
3 Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan
Corresponding author*: mopaze2002@yahoo.com
Abstract
Shrimp farming is a key player in global aquaculture, driven by efficient and sustainable production technologies. Biofloc Technology (BFT) has emerged as a pivotal solution to various aquaculture challenges, offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach. BFT enhances water quality by promoting the growth of heterotrophic bacteria, which help reduce ammonia levels and improve biosecurity. It also minimizes water exchange, conserving vital water resources in areas facing scarcity. However, while BFT has proven highly beneficial for shrimp farming, it presents challenges such as the risk of disease outbreaks, potential overcrowding, and management complexities. This review evaluates the advantages and limitations of BFT, highlighting its impact on water quality improvement, biosecurity enhancement, and water conservation. It also discusses the need for optimized system management to mitigate disease risks and overcrowding issues. Recommendations include the use of appropriate carbon sources for microbial mass management, species selection tailored to BFT, and potential integration of alternative energy sources to reduce operational costs. This review emphasizes BFT’s potential as a sustainable solution for small- and medium-scale aquaculture operations while acknowledging the necessity of addressing system challenges to maximize its efficacy.
Keywords: Aquaculture sustainability, Biofloc Technology, Disease management, Shrimp farming