Asi Quiggle Atud[1]* and Ajeagah Gideon Aghaindum [1]
[1] University of Yaounde I, BP 812, Faculty of Sciences, Animals Biology and Physiology Department, Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, Yaounde city, Cameroon
* Correspondence: asiatud@yahoo.com
In order to monitor environmental forms of microsporidia in the groundwater of the Centre region of Cameroon, samples were collected from sixteen (16) springs regularly used by the local population. The study was conducted from August 2018 to August 2019 during the four seasons that are characteristized by the ecological bimodal zone of the central south forest of Cameroon. The physico-chemical analysis were carried out both in the field and at the Hydrobiology and Environment laboratory of the University of Yaounde I. Physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed repectively using standard methods and trichome strain’s. The results of physico-chemical analysis have revealed that springs has an avarege temperature of 25.14 ± 0.73 °C. These water samples are generally poorly mineralized (144.76 ± 104.28 µS/cm), poor in organic matter (2.45 ± 1.06 mg/L) and suspended solids (14.56 ± 12.60 mg/L), but with very high values of turbidity (27.40 ± 28.16 FTU). The physico-chemical results showed that these areas are poorly polluted with low anthropogenic impacts. Microbiological analysis, showed contamination of groundwater with microsporidia spores unfit for drinking. The observations revealed several shapes of spores in the environment in relation to their sizes (μm) leading to species richness. Statistical analysis showed variations in spores between stations and seasons with a higher abundance during rainy season. Findings, showed diversity of species in the water Enterocytozoon bieneusi (1-1.6 x 0.7-1.2), (Encephalitozoon intestinalis (1.8-2.4 x 1.2-2.0), Encephalitozoon hellem (2-2.5 x 1.6-2), Encephalitozoon cuniculi (2.8-3.2 x 1.6-2.4) , Nosema spp. (3.2-3.6x 2-2.4 ), Vittaforma corneae (3.6 – 4 x 1.2-1.6 ), Pleistophora spp. (3.2-4x 2-2.4), and Microsporidium spp. (2.8-4.4 x 1.6-3.2). These spores would be better appreciated by molecular analysis. These results showed that, microsporidian spores are diverses and ubiquitous indicating a poor quality of water and good indicator to assess water quality.
Keywords: Biomonitoring, Spores, Drinking water, Physico-chemical, Health risk, Springs